Kingdom of Bhutan

Realm of Bhutan The realm of Bhutan, arranged in the Himalayan Mountains, flanked by India, Tibet, and China, is a country of around 672,425 individuals (Anielski 137). In the year 2005, the country had a gross national item (GDP) per capita of about $US 3,921 and was positioned 117th in the world.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Kingdom of Bhutan explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More By traditional monetary measures, Bhutan is a generally poor, creating nation with an asset put together economy that depends with respect to ranger service, creature cultivation, resource farming, and now progressively, hydroelectricity, money yields and the travel industry. Be that as it may, the country is a long ways past created nations as its physical condition is lovely. It is additionally nearer to being practical than almost some other nation on the planet. Bhutan fits the possibility of Shangri-La in numerous regards. It just permitted outsiders into the nation f rom the 1970s, and keeps on confining the section of visitors. An innate government has administered the nation since the beginning of the twentieth century. The Bhutanese are fundamentally Buddhists and the country has a future of 63 years for men and 64 years for ladies. Late during the 1990s, TV and the Internet were permitted, and King Jigme Singye Wangchuk introduced parliamentary vote based system in 2008. Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness Bhutan has received an official approach, passed by parliament, of Gross National Happiness (GNH) where by the quest for bliss overshadows financial flourishing and GDP. Obviously, this secluded Tibetan Buddhist country, drove by King Jigme Singye Wangchuk, is the main nation on the planet that has made endeavors to gauge a prosperity by GNH rather than Gross National Product or GNP (Anielski 139). Bhutan pioneers presented the possibility of GNH so as to reinforce the Buddhist otherworldly arrangement of conviction. GNH quantifies an d oversees what makes a difference most in people’s lives, for example, the personal satisfaction, bliss of individuals, and great stewardship of the earth. What's more, GNH is expected to empower banters on how various lessons and moral convictions of the Bhutanese individuals can be figured into the nation’s economy. Generally, GNH centers strategy banter around prosperity and the quest for bliss as opposed to the negligible procurement of material things, utilization or creation. At its heart, GNH depends on the Buddhist way of thinking. In Buddhism, satisfaction isn't controlled by what we have and own yet rather by the characteristics of being. An investigation by Morrall showed that Bhutan scores very well in the Happy Index in the Happy Planet Index, which isn't astounding given that it has driven the route as far as outfitting a culture of satisfaction (Morrall 19). Bhutan surveys accomplishment through its GNH list rather than the financially determined estima tions of GNP and GDP.Advertising Looking for research paper on natural investigations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The four explicit mainstays of GNH as characterized by King Jigme Thinley, whereupon GNH rests, are acceptable administration, social safeguarding, natural preservation, and financial turn of events. Every one of these columns has characteristics that have never been and can never be measured, yet can be dissected unbiasedly. As indicated by Bansil, the Bhutan 2020 vision report characterizes GNH’s job as a solitary bringing together idea to distinguish future headings of strategy (28). The King’s contention is that there are numerous ideas of advancement other than the GDP and the point is to augment satisfaction, instead of monetary development. Other than monetary requirements, the Bhutanese government accepts that each and every individual has numerous different needs that must be met. Theref ore, improvement ought to be viewed as the entirety of the considerable number of necessities that are basic to human presence. Truly GNH is a practically natural plan to the Bhutanese and their King looking to accommodate the requirement for advancement with protecting the fundamental ethos of Bhutanese otherworldly and social life. In philosophical terms, the four columns would easily fall into place for the Bhutanese individuals, living in a domain favored by nature’s abundance, pride in their way of life, and results of the advantages of good administration. In Bhutan, internal profound advancement is as significant as outside material turn of events. Illuminating of an individual, not simply in the strict sense, is in this manner a basic prerequisite. In any event, Bhutan’s commitment has served to mix another discussion on what is joy and constraints of the in vogue ideal models of looking for satisfaction by having an ever increasing number of treats. On the off chance that future can be taken to be one legitimate pointer of the achievement of GNH, at that point Bhutan has been a thundering achievement. From 1984 to 1998, future expanded by 19 years. There are other substantial markers where the nation has additionally done incredibly well. In the year 2006, net national enrolment pace of grade schools arrived at 72 percent, and the proficiency rate developed from 17 percent to 47.5 percent (Bansil 29). Obviously, Bhutan has exhibited to the entire world that individuals driven advancement is a functional monetary model. GNH is, along these lines, a multi-dimensional measure that should replace GDP. Politic Reforms and Modernization According to MCC, Bhutan is a close to outright government that is on the move toward a fair framework (502). In 2005, King Jigme Singye Wangchuk declared that a constitution would be introduced to the individuals for endorsement in a choice. The new framework was booked to happen in 2008. The head of the provi nce of Bhutan is the lord, and the seat is inherited in the male line of the Wangchuk line, which was built up in 1907, when an arrangement of joint head of state was replaced.Advertising We will compose a custom examination paper test on Kingdom of Bhutan explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In 1968, the ruler made a chamber of clergymen to help him handle regulatory obligations. Initially, six services were built up with an extra four services included 2003. From 1998, the obligation of picking individuals from government moved from the ruler to the National Assembly. Be that as it may, the lord selects expected priests to the national gathering, and on the grounds that the get together isn't free, extreme power rests with the ruler. Since 1988, the situation of PM is held in turns by the bureau take. In 2005, the lord proposed a two chamber council generally known as the Parliament. The National Assembly would have in excess of 75 individuals, chose by widesprea d grown-up testimonial for a long time. Each region would choose somewhere in the range of two and seven individuals, contingent upon its populace. Two ideological groups would be permitted to work. The upper house would include 25 individuals, one chosen from each locale for a long time, in addition to five individuals picked by the lord. Individuals from the National Council would not be permitted to be individuals in any ideological group. The legislature would be driven by a PM, whose gathering had a larger part in the lower house. The executive would not serve in excess of two multi year terms. The ruler would hold the ability to designate the central authorities of state and to endorse bills from the Parliament. Progression to the seat would be stretched out to the princess, and the ruler would be obliged to relinquish at 65 years old. Economy Bhutan is one of the world’s least fortunate states portrayed by remoteness, underdevelopment, and absence of assets. All suitab le land courses to Bhutan go through India, which financially overwhelms its neighbor Bhutan. The realm relies upon India for money related help, and isn't monetarily free. Bhutan’s cash, the ngultrum, is on a standard with the Indian rupee, which additionally circles in Bhutan. All in all, Bhutan’s landscape impedes the nation’s advancement (MCC 510). More than 97 percent of the land region is made out of rough mountains and steep slants that have no dirt or are too cold to even think about being cultivated. In 2003, the Bhutanese GDP was $2.9 billion and this came predominantly from horticulture, industry, and administrations segments. Bhutan has stores of wood and stores of dolomite and limestone, gypsum, calcium carbonate, beryl, copper, coal, graphite, iron mineral, and lead. This regardless, a large portion of Bhutan’s assets are excessively little or too difficult to reach to even consider being monetarily suitable. Arable land and land that is for all time trimmed record for just 2.7 percent of Bhutan.Advertising Searching for research paper on natural investigations? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Notwithstanding this, 93 percent of the work power is utilized in cultivating. Industry in Bhutan is little scope and utilizes just 2 percent of the work power. The administrations segment utilizes 5 percent of the work power yet gives 45 percent of the country’s GDP. Protection of Cultural Value Preserving and advancing society is for the most part viewed as a significant factor in the advancement of the Bhutanese country. This is chiefly determined by the general faith in Bhutan that when a country loses its social legacy, individuals will in general be disappointed. Subsequently, Bhutan enthusiastically watches its way of life and the administration considers the to be of culture as a high need (Biswas-Diener 77). This is fortified by the educational system which requires Bhutanese qualities to be shown one next to the other with science, arithmetic, and English language. The Bhutanese national language, Dzongkha, is spoken by around 50 percent of the populace. Bhutanese un believable culture is firmly identified with the Tibetan Buddhist writing and is for the most part worried about Buddhist topics. Early works are saved in sustained cloisters that are found all through Bh

Metonymy

Metonymy Metonymy Metonymy By Maeve Maddox Metonymy [meh-TAHN-uh-mee] is an interesting expression that substitutes a word or expression that represents an article, activity, organization or the like for the item itself. For instance, in the expression â€Å"surf and turf† with regards to café passage surf is a metonymy for fish and turf is a metonymy for meat. In an alternate setting, the word turf is a typical metonymy for the organization of pure breed horseracing: One of theâ most well known jockeysâ in theâ historyâ of theâ turfâ a century back was Sam Chipney, who was â€Å"jockey for life† to the Prince of Wales, at a pay of $1,000, and resigned from the turf with his illustrious ace in 1791. Home and Country, Volume 9, Monthly Illustrator Publishing Company, 1894. Here are some more instances of metonymy from different sources: Tories were American homesteaders whoâ remained faithful to the Crown during the American Revolutionary War. Crown = â€Å"the British government.† Suitsâ stars Gabriel Macht as Harvey Specter and Patrick J. Adamsâ as Mike Ross-legal advisors at a powerful New York law firm. (Suits is the title of a TV arrangement.) Suit = a power figure, for example, a legal counselor or FBI operator. Prepared for another cup? cup = a cup or cup loaded up with espresso The pen is mightier than the blade. pen = composed type of influence blade = military activity Companions, Romans, kinsmen: Lend me your ears. ears = consideration Sheep and potatoes: a dish fit for a ruler dish = a feast France, less preferred in general as to issues profound than her sister of the shield and trident, moved with surpassing perfection down slope, making paper cash and spending it. This citation from A Tale of Two Cities contains more than one layer of non-literal language. France = the individuals of France. France is additionally being embodied as a lady with a sister. sister of the shield and trident = Britannia, thus, Britain. A typical image of the country of Britain is the picture of Britannia-a situated lady holding a shield and trident. The shield she holds speaks to military may, and the trident speaks to the ocean power. The trident is related with the ocean since it was the image of Poseidon, the lord of the ocean in Greek folklore. Perusing familiarity requires foundation information that empowers perusers to decipher the utilization of metonymy and other metaphorical language. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsGrammar Quiz #21: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive ClausesTestimony versus Tribute

Essay Topics on Race and Ethnicity

Essay Topics on Race and EthnicityWhen it comes to essay topics on race and ethnicity there are a number of topics that can be used and each one is just as valuable in its own way. For example, some people may use an essay topic on culture to explore issues of identity and belonging while others will use a topic on race and ethnicity to explore issues of discrimination.The subjects for essay topics on race and ethnicity are something that many people choose to include in their studies. The topic may be focused on the historical events and major cultural issues that have taken place in the United States in terms of race and ethnicity in history or maybe it will address issues of discrimination in the present day.One of the first steps to take when studying essay topics on race and ethnicity is to decide what the focus will be. Remember that this is something that is going to make a difference in the composition of your final document so making sure that you choose a topic that you kno w is of interest to you is really important.Many people find that they can discuss subjects related to their life and work experiences without using essay topics on race and ethnicity. In fact, for many people these topics are things that they do not think about when they are writing their essays.If you are interested in including essays on race and ethnicity in your studies then you need to understand that you are going to be writing from a big picture perspective. This means that you are going to be taking a more comprehensive look at a particular topic rather than just looking at the isolated aspects of it that you need to write about.To get started with your essay topics on race and ethnicity, you need to be able to identify and understand the issues that are relevant to it. This may mean asking a friend, family member or even just reading a few articles or books on the topic.The thing that you need to keep in mind is that you are not going to get too far in your studies without having some sort of research that you can use to help you when you are choosing specific research topics. It is a good idea to use research to narrow down the topics that you want to cover so that you can avoid duplication of work.If you can use general research to narrow down your essay topics on race and ethnicity you will be better off in the long run. Some students choose to use just the general topics such as gender, identity, and social and economic factors when they are writing essays.

Enron Case - 7190 Words

The Enron Accounting Scandal Presented By: Jennifer Buondonno Nirmala David Robert Pufky Matt Rollings ENRON Page 1 of 27 Table of Contents Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 (I) Introduction to the Enron case and the organizations involved†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Background information industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Organizations and officers involved†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Accounting firm and partners involved†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 Enron’s industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 Enron’s injured parties†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 (II) Enron’s accounting fraud and misrepresentation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 Explanation of the fraud†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 Damages incurred†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Final outcome of the Case†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 How the†¦show more content†¦Enron’s attempt to create a constellation of partnerships that would allow managers to shift debt and losses off of the books would soon fail. In Au gust of 2001, the now infamous internal whistle blower Sherron Watkins, formerly the Enron Vice President for corporate development, sent an 1 www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/business/enron/front.html ENRON Page 5 of 27 email to Kenneth Lay, warning him that Enron would â€Å"implode in a wave of accounting scandals †. CEO Jeffrey Skilling suddenly resigns, two months after the memo was sent to Lay. Enron, with the help of the Andersen Accounting firm, would lose control of their illegal attempt to conceal the debt and losses of the company. Ultimately, Enron would become bankrupt. This scandal is the one of America’s largest investigations into a firm’s illegal accounting practices and attempt to conceal it from the shareholders and credit lenders. Organizations and Officers Involved To unmask the Enron scandal and find out what really happened, several organizations and officers of Enron are working together. Among the organizations responsible for unfolding the Enron scandal are the United States Congress, US Department of Justice, IRS, Securities and Exchange Commission, and the United States penal system. Congress is now responsible for combing through thousands of documen ts and scheduling hearings in the court system. The US Department of Justice isShow MoreRelatedEnron Case1075 Words   |  5 PagesMINI CASE: THE FILURE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AT ENRON 1.Which parts of the corporate governance system, internal and external, do you believe failed Enron the most? In the evaluation of the Enron’s case; by trying to see the very big picture, it is not only about that the internal part of the corporate governance system was failed or but also the external part of the corporate governance system was also failed. As noted on the last paragraph of the mini case, many people from different positionsRead MoreEnron Case1899 Words   |  8 PagesENRON CASE Please read the Enron cases posted on blackboard and the one in your book then answer the following questions based upon the case and Chapter 9. Make sure that your answers are supported by the facts of the case and the concepts you learned from Chapter 5. Please rely only on the case/chapter 9 to answer the questions except for question # 12—requires outside search. Make sure your answers are sufficiently brief, concise, and relevant to the question. Please avoid generalRead MoreEnron Case2186 Words   |  9 PagesPart B: What role did the CFO play in creating the problems that led to Enron’s financial problems? In order to prevent the losses from appearing on its financial statements, Enron used questionable accounting practices. To misrepresent its true financial condition, Andrew Fastow, the Enron’s CFO, takes his role involving unconsolidated partnerships and â€Å"special purpose entities†, which would later become known as the LJM partnership. Taking advantage from the SPEs’s main purpose, which providedRead MoreEnron Case2402 Words   |  10 Pages Imane Malihi Prof. Fred Friend BLW411/511 March 27, 2014 The Downfall of Enron Corporation â€Å"Ethics and integrity are at the core of sustainable long term success †¦ Without them, no strategy can work and, as Enron has demonstrated, enterprises will fail. That’s despite having some of the ‘smartest’ guys in the room.† by Richard Rudden. As the quotation states, ethics and integrity play a key role in the success of any corporation; through these principles, companies can ensure their complianceRead MoreThe Case Of The Enron Case Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pages1.1. 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Enron was a company that was ranked as seventh out of the five hundred leading companies in the United States and is the largest U.S. energy company that went bankrupt leaving debts amounting to nearly U.S. $ 31.2 billion. In instance with the case of Enron known occurrence of moral threat behavior such as manipulation of financial statements with a record 600 million dollar profitRead MoreEnron Case Study5921 Words   |  24 PagesEnron Case Study [pic] Part A: Problem Focused Analysis and Recommendations. 1. Brief Case Background. List key events, use timeline. Case Background At one time Enron was one of the world’s largest producers of natural gas, oil, and electricity. It also appeared to be one of the most profitable companies, taking shareholders from $19.10 in 1999 to $90.80 by the end of 2000. Enron’s top management answered to a Board of Directors whose responsibility was to question and challenge new partnershipsRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Enron Case1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe Enron case is a very popular case to show how the profession of accounting is vital to make the corporate world of business flow reliably. Enron was recognized as one of the world’s major electricity, natural gas, communications and pulp and paper’s company. However Enron was found to record assets and profits at inflated, fraudulent and non-existent amounts. Debts and losses were found to be excluded from financial statements along with other major transactions between Enron and other companies

Film Review The Hunting Ground - 849 Words

The film I watched was called The Hunting Ground this film started off very interesting. It showed clips of students finding out for the first time they got accepted to the university of their choice. Most of the students screamed of shock and it was obvious they were thrilled. Then a couple girls get interviewed about their experience their first months at that school, almost all of them had the perfect grades and perfect lives. However, these interviews take a twist when many girls getting interviewed start telling the story of when they got raped, there was also about three guys that were victims of this too. The weird part of it all was that more than half of them got raped by a friend or someone they knew for a while. Many of the victims didn’t know how to handle what had happened to them. If they spoke to friends they could be judged, and speaking to their parents was even worse. After a while of keeping that secret in many decided to go talk to someone in their universi ty office. In almost all of these cases, the person in the office starts questioning them about what they could of changed to avoid it etc. instead of helping them and taking care of this horrible problem. The people in the office ultimately say they will help, but several days pass and the victims don’t hear anything about them. The universities do it on purpose, the statistics show almost all universities never expel students for such thing. They do this to make their campus look safe and to not keepShow MoreRelatedSociology of Hunger Games1719 Words   |  7 Pagespoverty Peeta and Katniss are taken back by the surplus of luxury and wealth exhibited by the Capitol. The Games are held in an arena in a forested area. When they begin, Katniss rushes away from the excitement of the initial bloodbath and uses her hunting/survival skills to develop a strategy. She sleeps in trees and hunts game. Each night, faces of the dead are broadcast into the sky. As she stays hidden, she learns that Peeta has allied himself with the Career Tributes, those tributes from theRead More The Legend of Ed Gein and His Filmic Rebirth Essay1992 Words   |  8 Pagesreal quite like. You know? Kinda kept to himself. I didnt pay much attention to him until that day. I guess it was round ‘bout November of ‘57. Early one morning I thought I might just go hunting. I stop by to my mommas hardware store to get some shells when there was Ed shopping. I told ‘em I was going hunting and he mentioned something ‘bout coming back for some paint. Like I said aint nobody pay no attention to Ed. Hell, I went on to huntin. I come back and my mommas store is close d early.Read MoreLady Gaga Is Known For Making Pop Music1461 Words   |  6 Pagesand Instagram. 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But while Lenz fought back against a large corporation (she did not win the case, although her video was ruled

Analyzing And Exploring The Global City - 2530 Words

Danielle D’Amico Julia Miller Analyzing and Exploring the Global City: Sydney 3 July 2015 Research Paper Throughout the years, people from all over the world have migrated to Australia and the United States of America to create better lives for themselves such as escaping religious/political persecution, obtaining a better education, reuniting with their families, becoming exposed to more job opportunities, and various other reasons (Singer 2). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in America and Sydney, New South Wales in Australia have similar immigration patterns, settlement trends, and impacts. However, the communities of immigrants tend to not follow the same behaviors in both cities. Immigration is vital for continuous economic and social growth. Thus, what impact does immigration have on these two cities? In 2011, Australia’s population was 26% migrants compared to America’s, which was only 13% (4102.0 - Australian Social Trends, 2014). 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Epidemiology and Prospective Observational

Question: Discuss about the Epidemiology and Prospective Observational. Answer: Introduction: The study design used in this study is prospective observational study. In this design, the author observed the nurses feeding patterns with relation to the risk of getting the type 2 diabetes mellitus (McKeown et al., 2002). The researcher then collected the information for a period of ten years using a detailed questionnaire with no influence to them. The use of this design enables the observation of some rare exposures to health since a researcher is able to identify a subject who developed a disease at some point. It is also possible to calculate the incidence of a disease which has been exposed to the subjects. The crude incidence rate is the number of new cases of diabetes mellitus that occurred in one year per one hundred thousand nurses under investigation. Therefore the incidence is arrived at by counting the number of new cases, divides by the total population under study and multiplied by one hundred thousand. Incidence rates for total grain Percentiles Counts Population Crude rate 1 392 144,698 270.9 2 356 144,403 246.5 3 368 144,438 254.8 4 358 144,471 247.8 5 405 144,409 280.5 Incidence rates for whole grain Percentiles Counts Population Crude rate 1 426 144,914 2934.0 2 391 147,351 265.4 3 407 143,856 282.9 4 320 145,133 220.5 5 335 144,164 232.4 Incidence rates for refined grain Percentiles Counts Population Crude rate 1 349 144,742 241.1 2 369 144,817 254.8 3 337 144,095 233.9 4 378 144,252 262.0 5 446 144,512 308.6 These results indicate that the crude rates were not consistent with the quintiles of meal consumption. Unadjusted incidence rate Percentiles Counts Population Crude rate 1 349 144,742 0.0024 2 369 144,817 0.0025 3 337 144,095 0.0023 4 378 144,252 0.0026 5 446 144,512 0.0031 The relative ratio of diabetes mellitus reduces with increasing quintile of whole grain. This means that the higher the amount of consumed whole grain, the lower the likelihood of diabetes mellitus type 2 occurring (de Munter et al., 2007). The physical form of the whole grain as well as its high content of the fibers makes them to be digested slowly. Moreover, the low rate of whole grains absorption makes it to have low glycemic levels. The consumption of foods which have low levels of glycemia is linked to low glycosylates hemoglobin excretion. The finely ground fibers cannot produce glucose response to the postprandial blood. The adjustment of other factors were meant to determine whether there were other factors apart from the composition of meals that were linked to type 2 diabetes. Physical activity for instance is linked to a reduction of the blood glucose levels. This is because during exercises, the muscles use glucose in blood to derive energy. In case an individual is resistant to insulin, physical activities lower the resistance making cells to take up glucose effectively (He et al., 2010). Family history is also linked to diabetes as a result of inheritance of genes for diabetes type 2. Smoking causes damage to the blood vessels complicating the diabetes. The biasness in this diabetes type 2 studies among the nurses is the assumption that nurses are closer to the medical care and hence access to treatments. In some instances, the nurses offer services to the patients such that they do not remember that they too need medical services (Egger and Smith, 1998). Moreover, the nurses may have the fear of being stigmatized by their colleagues and escape treatment or diagnosis. The association of diabetes type 2 with other factors apart from the whole grain meal does not have a clear cut line. The study did not include males to determine the effect of gender differences to type 2 diabetes (Fung et al., 2002). Fat intake Control Study cases High 100 80 Moderate 270 270 Low 130 150 For the control and study groups, there was low number of skin cancer cases i.e. 100 and 80 respectively. On the other hand, for the control and study groups the low fat intake there were high number of skin cancer cases i.e. 130 and 150 respectively. However, moderate intake of fats resulted had similar number of skin cancers of 270. The low number of skin cancer in high fats intake is because the fats raise the prostaglandin E2 levels which function as T cell function immunoregulators and in turn lower the ultraviolet related skin cancers. Relative risk= the number of subject with a positive or bad outcome divided by the sum of the number of subject with bad and good outcomes in the case study. This figure obtained is then divided by the number of subjects with a positive or bad outcome divided by the sum of the number of subject with bad and good outcomes in the control group. 150/230 divided by 130/230 =0.65/0.57 Relative risk=1.14 This means that the people who take fats in low levels would be approximately 1.14 more times likely to develop skin cancer as compared to those who take high fat levels. Relative risk=1.3 This means that the people who take fats in moderate levels would be approximately 1.30 more times likely to develop skin cancer as compared to those who take high fat levels (Prochaska et al., 2005). The association between the parenchymal cells and low fats intake is that low fats intake increases the risk of skin cancer (Black et al., 1995). On the other hand, high fats intake leads to oxidative stress and increase in the number of cytokines responsible for inflammation while at the same time reducing the death of skin cells via apoptosis. The exposure to low fats leads to melanoma because the skin cells are not able to counter the effects of oxidative damage. In the long run the skin cells begin dividing uncontrollably leading to the cancer of the skin. There is no association between rare exposure and development of a disease. This is because there when there is a rare exposure, sixty people develop the disease while one hundred and eighty of them do not. On the other hand when there is no exposure, the same effect is observed as when there is a rare exposure. Relative risk in younger adults 30/30+90 divided by 40/40+80 = 0.76 Relative risk in older adults 40/120 divided by 30/120 =1.32 The relative risk of 0.76 observed in the younger adults means that the people who are exposed to a disease are about 0.76 times less likely to develop a disease as compared to those who have been exposed. The relative ratio of 1.32 in the older adults indicates that the older exposed adults are about 1.32 times more likely to develop a disease when they are exposed than those who are not exposed. Bias in cohort studies can occur especially in the process of making of a selection of the study subjects. This means that the selection method is based on the exposure as well as the outcomes of the exposure (Greenland, 1977). In some cases, it can be easy to view the relationship between exposure and selection of subjects. However, it is difficult for the researcher to determine how the awareness of an outcome can influence the outcomes of a study. For instance in a study to determine the effects of the emission of some chemicals like sulfur to the people for a period of seven years, there were beliefs that employees who worked in that factory were the most affected. However, there was no data to support this assumption. At the time of enrollment, the health records which existed by then were used while many of the old records had been misplaced or lost. Therefore there was a likelihood of either underestimation or overestimation of the association between exposure to sulfur and disease development. Occurs when the subjects selected for the control are not a true representative of the population hence cannot estimate the distribution of exposure. case Controls Exposed 5 8 unexposed 4 54 On the other hand, taking two hypothetical situations, the researchers chose similar controls which had a high probability of having the exposure as shown below. Case Controls Exposed 5 14 unexposed 4 48 The loss of some participants during a follow up represents data biasness in a study. This is because there is an introduction of a deviation in the observed values during follow up as compared to the observation if all the subjects were present. In some cases, the loss of participants by about five percent is acceptable but more losses are likely to cause alarm because they have a different prognosis as compared to those who make it to the follow up. In the end, the validity and accuracy of the study is not acceptable in this study. As a result of this, the researchers do their best to lower the number of loss of participants during follow ups. Such measures include maintaining regular contacts by making calls or sending emails, maintaining baseline information which enables them to track the subjects easily and using the participants who are easy to track. References Black, H.S., Thornby, J.I., Wolf, J.E., Goldberg, L.H., Herd, J.A., Rosen, T., Bruce, S., Tschen, J.A., Scott, L.W., Jaax, S. and Foreyt, J.P., 1995. Evidence that a lowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ fat diet reduces the occurrence of nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ melanoma skin cancer. International Journal of Cancer, 62(2), pp.165-169. de Munter, J.S., Hu, F.B., Spiegelman, D., Franz, M. and van Dam, R.M., 2007. Whole grain, bran, and germ intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study and systematic review. PLoS Med, 4(8), p.e261. Egger, M. and Smith, G.D., 1998. Bias in location and selection of studies. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 316(7124), p.61. Fung, T.T., Hu, F.B., Pereira, M.A., Liu, S., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A. and Willett, W.C., 2002. Whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in men. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 76(3), pp.535-540. Greenland, S., 1977. Response and follow-up bias in cohort studies. American journal of epidemiology, 106(3), pp.184-187. He, M., van Dam, R.M., Rimm, E., Hu, F.B. and Qi, L., 2010. Whole-grain, cereal fiber, bran, and germ intake and the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular diseasespecific mortality among women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation, 121(20), pp.2162-2168. McKeown, N.M., Meigs, J.B., Liu, S., Wilson, P.W. and Jacques, P.F., 2002. Whole-grain intake is favorably associated with metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Study. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 76(2), pp.390-398. Prochaska, J.O., Velicer, W.F., Redding, C., Rossi, J.S., Goldstein, M., DePue, J., Greene, G.W., Rossi, S.R., Sun, X., Fava, J.L. and Laforge, R., 2005. Stage-based expert systems to guide a population of primary care patients to quit smoking, eat healthier, prevent skin cancer, and receive regular mammograms. Preventive medicine, 41(2), pp.406-416.

Role of Packaging on Consumer Buying Behavior in Mauritius free essay sample

The purpose of this research is to know the relationship between independent variable and dependent variables. The research is based in Patan District of Gujarat (India). The packaging is the most important factor. The consumer buying behavior is dependent on the packaging and on its features. Packaging elements like Packaging color. Background Image, Packaging Material, Font Style, Design of wrapper, Printed Information and Innovation is taken as predictors. Due to increasing self-service and changing consumers’ lifestyle the interest in package as a tool of sales promotion and stimulator of impulsive buying behavior is growing increasingly. Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3. Unported License http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3. 0/), permitting all noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Role of Packaging on Consumer Buying Behavior – Patan District Mr. Mitul M. Deliya ? Mr. Bhavesh J. Parmar ? Keywords : Consumer Behavior, Packaging. I. I Introduction n nowadays competitive environment the role of package has changed due to increasing self-service and changing consumers’ lifestyle. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Packaging on Consumer Buying Behavior in Mauritius or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Firms’ interest in package as a tool of sales promotion is growing increasingly. Package becomes an ultimate selling proposition stimulating impulsive buying behavior, increasing market share and reducing promotional costs. According to Rundh (2005) package attracts consumer’s attention to particular brand, enhances its image, and influences consumer’s perceptions about product. Also package imparts unique value to products (Underwood, Klein Burke, 2001; Silayoi Speece, 2004), works as a tool for differentiation, i. e. helps consumers to choose the product from wide range of similar products, stimulates customers buying behavior (Wells, Farley Armstrong, 2007). Thus package performs an important role in marketing communications and could be treated as one of the most important factors influencing consumer’s purchase decision. In this context, seeking to maximize the effectiveness of package in a buying place, the II. Key Terms Defined a) Consumer Buying Behavior Process by which individuals search for, select, purchase, use, and dispose of goods and services, in satisfaction of their needs and wants. Author ? : Assistant Professor, S. K. College of Business Management, Hem. North Gujarat S. P. University, Patan – 384265. E-mail : [emailprotected] n Author ? : Assistant Professor, MBA Department, Sankalchand Patel College of Engineering, Visnagar – 384315. Email: [emailprotected] com b) Packaging Packaging can be defined quite simply as an extrinsic element of the product. Packaging is the container for a product. Â © 2012 Global Journals Inc. (US) Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XII Issue X Ve rsion I Abstract The aim of this article is to get the A study to point towards role of packaging on consumer buying behavior. The basic purpose of this it is to find out how such factors are behind the success of packaging. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship between independent variable and dependent variables. The research is based in Patan District of Gujarat (India). The packaging is the most important factor. The consumer buying behavior is dependent on the packaging and on its features. Packaging elements like Packaging color. Background Image, Packaging Material, Font Style, Design of wrapper, Printed Information and Innovation is taken as predictors. Due to increasing self-service and changing consumers’ lifestyle the interest in package as a tool of sales promotion and stimulator of impulsive buying behavior is growing increasingly. So package performs an important role in marketing communications, especially in the point of sale and could be treated as one of the most important factors influencing consumer’s purchase decision. researches of package, its elements and their impact on consumer’s buying behavior became a relevant issue. Literature analysis on question under investigation has shown that there is no agreement on classification of package elements as well as on research methods of package impact on consumer’s purchase decision.

The Insanity Defense essays

The Insanity Defense essays Equal justice for the unequal.# For these few who cannot be held accountable for there actions because of mental disability or disease this statement is surly there savuor. The ideal in a free society is that all of its members shall be equal under the law they have chosen to govern them, that they shall share the same rights and responsibilities, and that if they violate their laws they will be punished no differently than their peers, and judged according to a collective sense of justice rather than by the individuals of society. But what about the individual who does not realize he/she has committed a crime against society? The question that is raised here is not along the lines of should an individual be punished for his/her crime, but more on the matter of did the individual know that the crime, which he/she had committed, was wrong. This is where the fine line between the guilty and the legally insane is created. There has long been a strong belief that persons who commit crimes as a result of mental illness should not be held criminally responsible because they lack the criminal intent to commit the acts; this belief forms the core of the insanity defense today in the United States. The insanity defense is a plea option in which the defendant seeks acquittal for the alleged criminal offense by reason of insanity. In this paper I will discuss the history of the insanity defense and the controversy that now surrounds the issue in today s society. I will start by giving an historical perspective on the formation of the insanity defense, followed by the landmark trial of Daniel McNaughton, which established the guidelines that would set the standard for nearly a century to come in determining the sanity of the defendant. Lastly, I will discuss the current controversy in American society over the use of the insanity plea in the American criminal justice system. Throughout most of history there has be...

Tech Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Tech Article - Essay Example This technology is really unique because the software can recognize only the user’s voice, even if there are some background noises. Although some mobile phones have such functions such as voice commands, being able to dictate notes is a novel idea that provides a lot of convenience. People can take down notes even while driving, which usually happens. The technology is already being used by medical encoders because it makes the work much efficient and prevents repetitive stress injury on their hand/wrist. This technology has potential applications in various settings. In schools, ESL learners can become aware of their pronunciation by using this technology. They can dictate their notes and see if the computer can properly recognize the word. In BPO services, writers can use this technology, which can prevent them from developing musculoskeletal disorders in their wrist or forearm. Scientists or researchers can use this to dictate observations and have them printed immediately . Indeed, speech to text applications would definitely be used in many ways by different industries, whether for scientific, operations, or entertainment in the coming years. References Misel, Eli. "Android Apps: Speech to Text."Â  Find Health, Education, Science & Technology Articles, Reviews, How-To and Tech Tips At Bright Hub - Apply To Be A Writer Today!. BrightHUb, 13 Sept. 2010. Web. 29 Mar. 2011.

Report (an incident report covering a vehicle accident) Essay

Report (an incident report covering a vehicle accident) - Essay Example The roadway has no median or barrier between the eastbound and westbound lanes on the four lane street, deep ditches on both sides of the road, and the posted speed limit is 40 MPH. Weather conditions at the time of the incident were overcast, windy, and rainy; and the road was wet from the rain. Further, it also had a sheet of water draining across the road from the hill's runoff. Traffic was relatively heavy in both directions, as it was just after rush hour. A red mini-van (Vehicle 2) was driving westbound, and was thus coming downhill into a moderate left hand curve. At point where the curve was the sharpest, Vehicle 1 began a sideways slide that the driver was unable to prevent. The car, which was out of the driver's control at that point, went into the lanes occupied by the oncoming traffic. Vehicle 2 was unable to slow down in time to avoid hitting Vehicle 1, nor was there room for Vehicle 2 to maneuver out of its oncoming path. Accordingly, the front of Vehicle 2 struck the driver-side door of Vehicle 1, sending Vehicle 1 off of the roadway and down into the ditch on the left side of the roadway. Police and paramedic units were called, as was a rescue unit, and the driver of Vehicle 1 had to be cut out of the small car. The driver of Vehicle 1 sustained severe injuries, while the other driver suffered only minor ones. According to witnesses and a report on the accident, both drivers were wearing their seatbelts. Some witnesses said that Vehicle 1 was speeding, while others claimed that Vehicle 2 was coming down the hill too fast. The driver of Vehicle 1 was taken to the hospital via ambulance, and the other driver chose to decline medical attention. Causes of Incident The actual accident was caused by several different factors, with other roadway issues contributing to the severity of the injuries sustained by the driver of Vehicle 1. The most likely direct cause of the accident was that both drivers were operating at speeds too high for the road conditions at that time. During periods of rain and wet roadways, it is easy to lose control of the vehicle; especially on curves (Skidding and Hydroplaning in Rainy Conditions). The driver of Vehicle 1 was going too fast to prevent the car from skidding on the wet pavement, and the driver of the second vehicle was driving too fast to avoid the collision. Had both drivers been operating their vehicles at slower speeds, the accident could have been avoided. The second direct cause of the accident was the condition of the tires on Vehicle 1. Subsequent review of the vehicle showed that the tread depth on the tires was not within safe limits. This tread wear decreases a driver's ability to control the vehicle and increases the likelihood of hydroplaning. Hydroplaning occurs when a layer of water builds up between the tire and the road, causing the vehicle to no longer respond to the control inputs of the driver (Hydroplaning (road vehicle). The less tread a tire has on the road, the more likely this layer of water is to form. If Vehicle 1 had tires with proper tread, the likelihood of this accident occurring would have been much less. Other issues that were

Aqa as Philosophy Revision Notes †Reason and Experience Essay Example for Free

Aqa as Philosophy Revision Notes – Reason and Experience Essay Knowledge and Belief †¢ People can believe things that aren’t true. †¢ For you to know something, it must be true and you must believe it. †¢ Beliefs can be true or false. †¢ Beliefs can accidentally be true, but it isn’t knowledge. Types of Knowledge †¢ Analytic – true by definition – â€Å"Squares have 4 sides†. †¢ Synthetic – not analytic, true or false in the way the word is – â€Å"Ripe tomatoes are red†. †¢ A priori – doesn’t require sense experience to know – â€Å"all bachelors are unmarried†. †¢ A posteriori – can be established through sense experience – â€Å"Snow is white†. All Analytic propositions are known a priori. This doesn’t mean that all a priori propositions are analytic. The main question is â€Å"Are all synthetic propositions a posteriori? † i. e; do we have some knowledge that doesn’t come from sense experience? It is this question that forms the debate between rationalism and empiricism. Rationalism vs. Empiricism †¢ Main dividing questions are: â€Å"What are the sources of knowledge? †, â€Å"How do we acquire it? †, â€Å"How do we get concepts? †. †¢ Rationalism gives an important role to reason. †¢ Empiricism gives an important role to the senses. †¢ Why can’t we use both in acquiring knowledge? Rationalism. †¢ Rationalism claims that we can have synthetic a priori knowledge of the external world. Empiricism denies this. †¢ Rationalists argue that it’s possible for us to know some synthetic propositions about the world outside our own minds, e. g. Maths and morality. Empiricists argue that it is not. †¢ Both rationalists and empiricists accept that we naturally have certain thoughts and feelings inside our minds. Empiricism †¢ An advantage of empiricism is that it allows us to quickly see how we ascertain our knowledge – through our senses by perceiving how the world is, which is a causal process – it requires no mental reasoning. †¢ Empiricists also claim that this is how we acquire our concepts – through our senses. †¢ Once we understand the acquired concepts, we gain analytic knowledge. If we have knowledge that doesn’t come from sense experience – how do we get this knowledge? Rationalists argue that we either gain this knowledge from ‘rational intuition’ or ‘insight’, which allows us to gain this knowledge intellectually, or we just know these truths innately as part of our rational nature. Rationalists may also argue that some, or even all of our concepts are innate of come from rational insight. Do All Ideas Derive From Sense Experience? John Locke – Mind as a ‘Tabula Rasa’ †¢ Locke argues that all ideas derive from sense experience. †¢ He says that the mind at birth is a ‘tabula rasa’ – a blank slate that gets filled up with ideas from the senses. †¢ He refutes the claim of ‘innate ideas’. †¢ Ideas can either be part of a proposition: â€Å"He had the idea that it would be fun to take the day off†; or they can be concepts: â€Å"the idea of yellow†. †¢ Locke says that all our concepts derive from sense experience, and that we have no knowledge prior to sense experience. From Locke’s definition of ‘innate idea’, it follows that everyone with a mind should have the same ideas. However, there is no truth that every person (including people lacking reasoning skills) can assent and agree to. So perhaps, with Locke’s definition, innate ideas are ones that we known as soon as we gain the use of reason. Locke refutes this, saying that we aren’t lacking reason but the knowledge of ideas. For example, a child can’t know that â€Å"4 + 5 = 9† until the child can count up to 9 and has the idea of equality. It is the same thing as knowing that an apple is not a stick – it’s not a development of reason, just the gaining of knowledge of ideas. So therefore, if we must first acquire the concepts involved (through sense experience), the proposition cannot be innate, as no proposition is innate unless the concepts used are innate. Locke argues that the mind has no concepts from birth, and so no truths or concepts can be innate. A Different definition of ‘innate idea’ †¢ Locke’s definition and argument against innate ideas hasn’t been criticized †¢ People who believe in innate ideas don’t accept Locke’s definition †¢ Nativists maintain the view that innate ideas are those which cannot be gained from experience †¢ Nativists tend to argue on how concepts or knowledge can’t be acquired from sense experience †¢ Because we don’t know all concepts from birth, there is some point when we become aware of our concepts †¢ Rationalists argue that experience triggers our awareness of our innate concepts. Experience as a ‘Trigger’ †¢ Children begin to use certain ideas at certain time, and their capacities develop, so why can’t their concepts and knowledge also develop? †¢ Children begin to use certain ideas at certain times †¢ Experience still plays a role – a child must be exposed to the relevant stimuli for the knowledge to emerge, e. g.language. †¢ An idea is innate if it cannot be derived or justified by sense experience. Empiricists on Arguing Concepts John Locke 1. The senses let in ideas 2. These ideas furnish an ‘empty cabinet’ 3. The mind grows familiar with these ideas and they’re lodged in one’s memory 4. The mind then abstracts them, and learns general names for them 5. The mind then has ideas and the language by which it can describe them †¢ However, what does it mean to ‘let in ideas’? †¢ We contrast ideas with sensations, e. g. the sensation of yellow isn’t the same as the concept of yellow †¢ Locke fails to make this distinction David Hume †¢ Hume believes that we are directly aware of ‘perceptions’ †¢ Perceptions are then divided into ‘impressions’ and ‘ideas’ †¢ Both Locke and Hume divide impressions into ‘impressions of sensation’ and ‘impressions of reflection’ †¢ Impressions of sensation come from our sense data and that which we directly perceive †¢ Impressions of reflection derive from the experience of our mind, such as feeling emotions. †¢ Hume says that ideas are ‘faint copies’ of impressions †¢ Therefore, there are ideas of sensation (e. g. the idea of red) and ideas of reflection (e. g. the feeling of sadness, happiness) †¢ Concepts are a type of idea. †¢ Hume’s theory of how we acquire ideas (from copying them from impressions) is a theory of how we acquire concepts) †¢ Locke and Hume both have slightly different versions of how we acquire ideas with which we can think †¢ We start with experiences of the physical world which we get from sense data and experiences of our mind †¢ For Locke, this gives us ideas once we employ our memory to reflect on these experiences †¢ According to Locke, this makes it sound that the remembered experiences are the ideas with which we think †¢ Hume corrects this, and says that we remember and think with the copies of the sensory impressions. Simple and complex concepts †¢ A complex idea is just an idea made up of several different ideas, e. g. a complex idea (a dog) is made up of simple ideas like shape, colour and smell. †¢ This complex idea has a complex impression †¢ We can therefore form complex ideas by abstraction. †¢ As an objection, rationalism raises the question of where do non-empirical ideas come from? †¢ Empiricism is appealing, as we seem to intuitively trust our senses and it easily answers such questions. †¢ However, there are complex ideas that correspond to nothing from our sense experience, e. g. unicorns or God. †¢ So do all ideas derive from sense experience? †¢ Empiricists argue that these complex ideas are made up from simple ideas, which are copies of impressions (e. g. a unicorn is the simple concepts of a horse, a horn, and the colour white, and combined together they give us a unicorn) †¢ Hume and Locke argue that when creating complex ideas, one can only work with the materials that our impressions provide – simple ideas †¢ Complex ideas are no more than altering or abstracting these simple ideas †¢ Therefore, empiricists answer this rationalist objection So Are There Innate Concepts? †¢ What would an empiricists’ analysis of complex concepts like self, causality, substance, etc.be? †¢ These concepts must either be innate, or reached using a priori reasoning †¢ Hume accepts that these complex concepts cannot be derived from experience †¢ However, he states that each of these concepts has no application †¢ These concepts are confused, and we should always use concepts that can be derived from experience †¢ For example, we don’t experience our ‘self’, we experience a changing array of thoughts and feelings. †¢ To come up with the idea of ‘self’, we’ve confused similarity with identity †¢ We do the same with the idea of a physical object †¢ A physical object exists independently of experience, existing in 3d space. †¢ But can experience show us something that exists independently of experience? †¢ If I look at a desk, look away, and then look back again, the desk must have existed when I wasn’t looking at it. †¢ I can’t know that my experience was of the same desk, only that the experiences are similar †¢ When coming up with the concept of a physical object that exists independently of experience, I confuse similarity with identity. †¢ Hume concludes that these concepts are incoherent confusions †¢ This can be objected though †¢ This makes most of our common-sense understand and analysis of the  world incorrect – we know that our concepts are coherent. †¢ Empiricism now seems to challenging to accept, as it makes our concepts ‘illusory’. †¢ The fact that we cannot derive the aforementioned from experience shows that they are innate †¢ Empiricists therefore have a flawed argument – explaining our most abstract concepts is an argument that these concepts are not derived from experience. †¢ Does this therefore mean that they’re innate or arrived at through rational intuition? †¢ One reason to think they’re innate is that children use these concepts before they develop rational intuition. †¢ Rationalists therefore argue that experience is the trigger for the concept Does all knowledge about what exists rest on sense experience? Hume’s Fork †¢ We can have knowledge of two sorts of things: ‘Relations between ideas’, and ‘matters of fact’ †¢ Relations of ideas are propositions like ‘all sons have fathers’ †¢ Hume argue that all a priori knowledge must be analytic, and all knowledge of synthetic propositions must be a posteriori †¢ Anything that is not true by definition (‘matters of fact’) must be learned through the senses †¢ Hume’s ‘matters of fact’ are essentially analytic truths. Matters of Fact †¢ Hume says that the foundation of knowledge of matters of fact is what we experience here and now, or what we can remember †¢ All our knowledge that goes beyond the aforementioned rests on casual inference †¢ For example, if I receive a letter from a friend with a French postcard on it, I’ll believe that my friend is in France. †¢ I know this because I infer from post mark to place †¢ I think that where something is posted causes it to have a postmark from that place. †¢ If the letter was posted by my friend, I believe that he is in France. †¢ I ‘know’ this because I rely on past experiences. †¢ I don’t work out what causes what by thinking about it †¢ It is only our experience of effects and causes that brings us to infer what cause has what effect. †¢ Hume denies that this is ‘proof’ †¢ He says that knowledge of matters of fact, beyond what we’re experience here and now relies on induction and reasoning about probability. Induction and Deduction †¢ The terms relate to a type of argument †¢ Inductive is where the conclusion is not logically entailed by its premises, but supported by them †¢ If the premises are true, the conclusion is likely to be true. †¢ The French letter example is an example of inductive reasoning. †¢ A Deductive argument is an argument whose conclusion is logically entailed by its premises †¢ If the premises are true, the conclusion cannot be false †¢ E. g. Premise 1: Socrates is a man; Premise 2: All men are mortal; Conclusion: Socrates is mortal. Using a priori intuition and demonstration to establish claims of what exists †¢ Rationalists argue against Hume, saying that some claims about what exists can be grounded on a priori intuition. †¢ A priori demonstration, or deduction, is deduction that uses a priori premises †¢ Rational intuition is the view that you can discover the truth of a claim by thinking about it  Descartes †¢ Descartes says that we can establish the existence of the mind, the physical world and God through a priori reasoning. †¢ He attacks sense experience, and how they can deceive us †¢ We can’t tell if we’re being deceived by an evil demon through our senses, as what we are experiencing will be false †¢ We can establish that we think, and therefore we exist, even if our senses do deceive us (as we don’t need our senses to know our mind exists) †¢ This conclusion of thinking and doubting that we exist was gotten to by pure reasoning. †¢ He also establishes that the mind can exist from the body. †¢ Descartes says we don’t know what causes these experiences †¢ It could be an evil demon, God, or the physics world exists exactly how we perceive it. †¢ If it was God, it would mean he was a deceiver as we have a very strong tendency to trust our senses †¢ If it was a demon, God must have created this demon to deceive us, and because God is perfect by definition, this would mean God isn’t a deceiver, and so he can’t have made a demon – so there must be some kind of a real world †¢ Through a priori intuition and reasoning, Descartes says that the external world must exist, because God exists, and he would not deceive us. Conceptual Schemes and Their Philosophical Implications †¢ Humans don’t all have the same concepts †¢ There are two distinguishable elements to our experience: the data of the senses, and how this data’s interpreted by our concepts †¢ By the latter, it implies that different people would impose different conceptual scheme if they have different concepts. †¢ Conceptual relativism claims that because our conceptual scheme affect how people experience and understand reality, people with different conceptual schemes have different realities. An Implication: Conceptual relativism. †¢ We assume people have different ‘realities’ because we can’t translate their to ours †¢ It assumes language ‘constructs’ reality to say reality is relative to our conceptual schemes †¢ It would mean that reality is dependant on language, which isn’t true – we express our realities by language †¢ A proposition in one conceptual scheme can be true without needing to be express in another set of scheme. †¢ This means that there isn’t one set of scheme with how the world works †¢ An objection is that people argue that the relation between experience anc conceptual schemes doesn’t make sense. †¢ Benjamin Whorf says that languages organize our experience of the world †¢ This is like trying to organize a wardrobe itself and not the clothes in it †¢ If a conceptual scheme organizes our experience, then our experience must be comprised of individual experiences †¢ Conceptual scheme all have a set of experiences in common †¢ We can pick out individual experiences like smelling a flower, feeling cold, etc. †¢ Any conceptual scheme with these sorts of experiences will end up similar to our own, despite the concepts one hold and their language, and so translation between two different conceptual schemes will be possible. †¢ There may be small parts that can’t be translated, but this only leads to a very mild form of conceptual relativism. †¢ We can’t necessarily combine conceptual scheme †¢ An example is that we can have more or less colours in our vocabulary, and so can describe things in different ways. †¢ The Greeks thought that there was only one colour – bronze, and that everything else was a different shade of bronze. †¢ This doesn’t mean they saw everything in what we call ‘bronze’, it’s just how they described their experiences. †¢ We can therefore only state things depending on the concepts we have.

Teenagers and Suicide Essay -- Teenage Suicide Essays

The third leading cause of death amongst teenagers: Suicide Did you know that suicide is currently the third leading cause of death among teenagers in the United States? (4). In 1992, more teenagers and young adults died from suicide than those who died from stroke, cancer, heart disease, AIDS, birth defects, pneumonia, influenza and chronic lung disease combined (4). Suicide is definitely a compelling problem amongst youth in the U.S today. It is estimated that 300 to 400 teen suicides occur per year in Los Angeles County; which is equivalent to one teenager lost every day (1). Many concerned people ask, "What is going on?" and "Why is this happening?" Among many things, some suicidal youths experience family trouble, which leads them, to doubt their self-worth and make them feel unwanted, superfluous, and misunderstood. According to one study, 90 percent of suicidal teenagers believed their families did not understand them. Young people reported that when they tried to tell their parents about their feelings of unhappiness or failure, their mother and father denied or ignored their point of view (1). Suicide can be prevented; in fact, suicide prevention has saved over ten percent of teens who have tried to attempt suicide (1). In this paper I will prove that although, suicide is a serious epidemic amongst teens in the U.S., it can also be prevented. "I'm depressed." You might say it casually to refer to sadness that engulfs you and then goes away. But depression is also a mental health illness that may require help from an experienced professional(1). Depression has been considered to be the leading cause of teen suicide in the 20th century, affecting approximately eight million teens in North America (2). Recen... ... While the above teen suicide facts are astounding, here are some positives about teen depression and suicide: The number one cause of teen suicide is untreated depression. Most suicidal teens respond positively to psychotherapy and medication. Nearly 90 percent of depressed people benefit from medication. Those contemplating suicide can be "talked out of it." WWW Sources 1)Teen depression homepage, a rich resource on how to prevent teen suicide http://www.teen-depression.info/ 2)Teen depression homepage, a rich resource on causes of suicide. http://www.nami.org/Content/ContentGroups/Helpline1/Teenage_Suicide.htm 3)Teen depression homepage, a personal story on teen suicide http://www.1-teenage-suicide.com/story.html 4)Teen depression homepage, facts about suicide http://kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/mental_health/suicide.html

Mcdonalds Case Study

McDonald’s case study For at least 30 years McDonald’s had the lead consumer base in the fast food market. They seemed to have the market monopolized, however in time it’s consumer base drifted away. It would appear that Mcdonalds had become comfortable in the position it was in and put little to no emphases on product variety or quality and simply focused on the speed and convinience as the customer draw. Mcdonalds was suffering from low growth and market base as well as decreasing profits. The factors which affected this low growth and lack of profit was not only its competitors but also public opinion of the quality and variety of the food not being up to the same standards of the competition such as Wendy’s or Burger king. Public opinion on Mcdonalds was that the food it sold was of poor quality with little to no variety and people would sacrifice the convinience and speed of their order for taste and variety. To solve this problem Mcdonalds needs to bring back the once reliable customers that it lost to the competition. This can be done a few different ways. – Introduce new aspects to the existing menu, maybe different choices for existing products, possible rebrand and remarket some of these products with a possible price break. – Possibly improve the flavour of its beef as to improve the taste in all its burgers. -Introduce new items on the menu similar to products of the competition ie. Burger King and Wendy’s. – New slogan, new product apperance on the cups and containers. This is to represent the â€Å"new† Mcdonalds. The previous list of ideas can be implemented the easiest by a complete marketing blitz of the new product line and image for the company. The size of the company allows it to have the resources to do this type of campaign with very little financial risk, basically the company has nothing to loose but more customers. Mcdonalds Case Study McDonald’s case study For at least 30 years McDonald’s had the lead consumer base in the fast food market. They seemed to have the market monopolized, however in time it’s consumer base drifted away. It would appear that Mcdonalds had become comfortable in the position it was in and put little to no emphases on product variety or quality and simply focused on the speed and convinience as the customer draw. Mcdonalds was suffering from low growth and market base as well as decreasing profits. The factors which affected this low growth and lack of profit was not only its competitors but also public opinion of the quality and variety of the food not being up to the same standards of the competition such as Wendy’s or Burger king. Public opinion on Mcdonalds was that the food it sold was of poor quality with little to no variety and people would sacrifice the convinience and speed of their order for taste and variety. To solve this problem Mcdonalds needs to bring back the once reliable customers that it lost to the competition. This can be done a few different ways. – Introduce new aspects to the existing menu, maybe different choices for existing products, possible rebrand and remarket some of these products with a possible price break. – Possibly improve the flavour of its beef as to improve the taste in all its burgers. -Introduce new items on the menu similar to products of the competition ie. Burger King and Wendy’s. – New slogan, new product apperance on the cups and containers. This is to represent the â€Å"new† Mcdonalds. The previous list of ideas can be implemented the easiest by a complete marketing blitz of the new product line and image for the company. The size of the company allows it to have the resources to do this type of campaign with very little financial risk, basically the company has nothing to loose but more customers.

Leonardo Da Vinci Essay - 2754 Words

Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452 in Vinci, Tuscany, during a time called the Renaissance. His creations of art and advancements in science not only surpassed those of his time, but have contributed to the fundamentals of modern day technology and are arguably the greatest in history. Many of da Vinci’s paintings remain today as proof of his pioneered techniques, brilliance, and talent. The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language defines â€Å"renaissance man† as â€Å"[a] man who has broad intellectual interests and is accomplished in areas of both the arts and the sciences.† This is a term still used today, and its derivation is obvious. Many people in the Fourteenth to Sixteenth Centuries were skillful†¦show more content†¦Italian inventors and artists realized that this was â€Å"†¦ a new age, free from the darkness and ignorance †¦ characterized [by] the preceding era†(â€Å"Renaissance† Encarta). There wer e three distinct periods of the Renaissance, each identified by the works of different individuals. In order to comprehend the extraordinary greatness of Leonardo da Vinci, it is also important to become familiar with the achievements of his predecessors and colleagues. The early Renaissance introduced a new style of painting. Masaccio, born in 1401, was the first great painter of the Italian Renaissance, and his use of perspective and natural lighting portrayed an important step in the development of modern painting: â€Å"In his life, he made several important innovations in the art of painting. His treatment of space and light influenced generations of Italian artists, earning him the title ‘Founder of the Renaissance’† (Who and When? 24). According to John R. Hale, Bencivieni di Pepo was an Italian painter and mosaic craftsman from Florence. He was one of the most important artists of his time, breaking with the formalism of Byzantine art, then predominant in Italy, and introducing a more lifelike treatment of traditional subjects. His style preceded the realistic Florentine school of the early Renaissance founded by Giotto, and he is believed to have been Giottos teacher. AmongShow MoreRelatedLeonardo Da Vinci1629 Words   |  7 PagesHistory 101 | Leonardo Da Vinci | Renaissance Pioneer | | Luis Quelhas | 11/13/2012 | | Leonardo Da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452. His father was a wealthy notary, named  Piero Fruosino di Antonio da Vinci. His mother Caterina was a sixteen year old peasant girl. Leonardo had no surname when born and took the name Da Vinci meaning from Vinci, the small town in Florence where he was born. Throughout his life Leonardo faced many hardships. From 1457 he lived in the household ofRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci1137 Words   |  4 PagesLeonardo Da Vinci: The Renaissance man Leonardo Da Vinci was a successful man in more areas than artwork. From the time he was a boy, he began studying the arts as well as the ideas of science, medicine, machinery, and much more. Da Vinci’s history is reflected in his paintings and inventions that have been able to change the world of then and now. Leonardo’s artistic vision led him down a prosperous path of life that has made him one of the most innovative individuals the world has seen. With theRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci2094 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Rocks). These two altarpieces are being showcased in particular in this exhibition because they share a location in the same Milanese church, the San Francesco Grande, and most importantly the same artist (although this has been debated), Leonardo Da Vinci, painted both versions of the altarpiece. 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He was known as a sculptor, architect, writer, musician,philosopher, engineer, and scientist. But most of all he was known for his impressive paintings that influenced the world. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Leonardo was born in Anchiano, Italy on April 15, 1452, to Piero Da Vinci, a prominent publicRead MoreEssay leonardo da vinci637 Words   |  3 Pages Leonardo da Vinci Da Vinci was born April 15, 1452, and died May 2, 1519. He would wear pink to make his complexion look fresher. Leonardo never attended public school. He was raised by his single father (http://www.yesnet.yk.ca/schools/projects/renaissance/davinci.html). In the mid-1460s the family settled in Florence, where Leonardo was given the best education that Florence, the intellectual and artistic center of Italy, could offer. In Verrocchios Baptism of Christ (http://wwwRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci Essay1547 Words   |  7 PagesWhere and when was Leonardo Da Vinci born? 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